Peptides, the production and use thereof for binding immunoglobulins

ABSTRACT

Peptides having the following amino acid sequence as well as peptides or proteins which contain this amino acid sequence:  
     R 1 —X01-X02-X03-X04-X05-X06-X07-X08-X09-X10-X11-X12-X13-R 2 .  
     These peptides have a high affinity for immunoglobulins. Applications of the peptides according to the invention are also described.

[0001] The present invention relates to peptides having affinity for immunoglobulins, solid phases to which the peptides according to the invention are bound, a method for the adsorption of immunoglobulins, a device for performing the method, and uses of the peptides according to the invention.

[0002] Immunoglobulins are protein molecules which occur in all vertebrates and which serve for the body's specific immune defense by binding to antigens, microbial and other exogenous structures and neutralize them. Antigen-bearing structures, such as bacteria or parasites which have intruded into the body as well as virus-infected body cells, are tagged by bound immunoglobulins for destruction by correspondingly specialized cells or molecular systems, such as the complement to system. Depending on the structure of their molecular subunits, immunoglobulins are subdivided into different immunoglobulin classes, which are also distinct with respect to their biological activities, such as the capability of complement activation or mucosa permeability. In general, all immunoglobulins are distinct by their variable binding sites specific for the respective antigen, irrespective of the class of immunoglobulins. All immunoglobulins have common structural features through which they may also be bound commonly, for which the molecular subunit called the “Fc region” is preferred (Davies and Metzger (1983); Alt et al. (1987)).

[0003] Immunoglobulin-binding molecules which occur in nature are mainly surface receptors of body cells which recognize the FC region of the different immunoglobulins and bind to them. After the receptors have bound immunoglobulins, different activation processes are triggered through them, depending on the class of the bound immunoglobulin and the cell type (McKenzie and Schreiber (1994); Makiya and Stigbrand (1992); Sarfati et al. (1992); Capron et al. (1992); Shen (1992); Sandor et al. (1992)).

[0004] In addition to surface receptors, molecules of the complement system also bind to the Fc region of immunoglobulins. The complement system is a system of mutually matched proteins which serves for the destruction of the antigen-bearing target structure and has two different paths of activation. In one of them, the classical path, activation is effected through the binding of the complement component C1 or its subunit C1q to the Fc region of the antigen-bound immunoglobulins (Miletic and Frank (1995)).

[0005] Some bacteria also have developed proteins which are capable of binding immunoglobulins through the Fc region. These include protein A of the staphylococci and protein G of the streptococci. These proteins and their derivatives are interesting tools in immunological research, for example, in the study of receptor-immunoglobulin interaction, and when coupled to a support matrix, they are widely used in the purification of immunoglobulins by affinity chromatography (Stahl et al. (1993)).

[0006] Proceeding from this application, therapeutic immunapheresis was established for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this process, immunoglobulins are removed from human plasma by means of matrix-coupled protein A, and thus the concentration of pathogenic auto-antibodies is decreased (Belak et al. (1994)).

[0007] Currently, there are two commercially available protein A products which are distinct with respect to the adsorber matrix employed. On the one hand, protein A immobilized on agarose (sepharose) is used as the support matrix (Immunosorba, Fresenius HemoCare AG, Germany) (Samuelsson (1998)); on the other hand, silica gel is employed as the support matrix (Prosorba, Cypress Bioscience Inc., USA). The use of immunapheresis with protein A for removing the immunoglobulins was successfully employed in different autoimmune diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis (Felson et al. (1999)).

[0008] Further, after immunization with immunoglobulins of a particular species, antibodies can be induced in another species which are then capable of binding the immunoglobulins of the first species. Based on this principle is a product for therapeutic immunapheresis which uses matrix-coupled antibodies from sheep which are obtained from the serum of the animals upon immunization with human immunoglobulins. This system (Ig-Therasorb, PlasmaSelect AG, Germany) is also employed in the total immunoglobulin removal and thus also serves for the therapeutic removal of pathogenic antibodies (Koll (1998)), for example, of inhibitors of factor VIII and factor IX (Knobl and Derfler (1999)).

[0009] Matrix-immobilized amino acids are also employed for therapeutic immun-apheresis. For this purpose, adsorbers based on phenylalanine (IM-PH350, Asahi Medical Co. Ltd., Japan) and tryptophan (IM-TR350, Asahi, Japan) are employed (Jimenez et al. (1993); Fadul et al. (1996)). However, the binding capability of these adsorbers is not limited to immunoglobulins, in contrast to the adsorber systems mentioned above, but other proteins, such as fibrinogen, which is necessary for clotting, are also removed from the blood plasma.

[0010] A completely different binding principle is employed in the use of peptides as antigens or antigen mimetics for removing pathogenic auto-antibodies. For example, the adsorber MG-50 (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Japan) is employed for the elimination of auto-antibodies against acetylcholine receptor in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (Takamori and Ide (1996)). Another example is the specific immunapheretic elimination of auto-antibodies against β1-adrenergic receptor (EP 99 118 631, Affina Immuntechnik GmbH, Germany) in the therapy of dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM). That is to say, in the examples mentioned, only those immunoglobulins are removed which are directed against the respective peptide antigen, whereas all other immunoglobulins are not bound. The use of peptides for the binding of selected immunoglobulins through their antigen-binding site is state of the art.

[0011] Interestingly and in contrast to the peptides described above, the literature has also described peptides which are not bound through the antigen-binding site of an immunoglobulin, but to the Fc region of immunoglobulins. Thus, a protein-A-mimetic peptide has been described which is suitable for the technical purification of immunoglobulins (Fassina et al. (1996); Fassina et al. (1998)). Further, a peptide has been described which binds a monoclonal IgG antibody in the region of the protein A binding site of the immunoglobulin in a buffered solution (DeLano et al. (2000) as well as WO-A-01/45746). Other peptides which also bind in the Fc region and consists of 10 amino acids were described by the Krook group of workers (Krook et al. (1998)).

[0012] For the therapeutic suitability as a pharmaceutical agent and/or for the therapeutic use in medical engineering of molecules for the binding of immunoglobulins of classes G₁₋₄, A and M, the specificity for the mentioned classes of immunoglobulins, a low binding of other plasma components and the stability of the peptide in body fluids, such as human plasma or serum, are elementary preconditions.

[0013] Thus, it is the object of the invention to provide novel peptides which have a high affinity for immunoglobulins.

[0014] According to the invention, this object is achieved by synthetic peptides which preferably bind selectively to immunoglobulins, especially of classes G₁₋₄, A and M in complex solutions, such as body fluids and native human blood plasma, and are stable under such conditions of use.

[0015] The peptides claimed in this patent surprisingly meet the requirements mentioned both in a soluble form and in an immobilized state and are thus suitable for medical-technical and pharmacological use.

[0016] Especially upon immobilization of the peptides through X08=K (Lys) (see below), the peptides meet the mentioned requirements, surprisingly also after thermal treatment (autoclavation at 121° C.).

[0017] In detail, these are the peptides according to the invention having the following amino acid sequence as well as peptides or proteins containing this amino acid sequence:

[0018] R¹—X01-X02-X03-X04-X05-X06-X07-X08-X09-X10-X11-X12-X13-R²,

[0019] wherein R¹, R² as well as X01 to X013 have the following meanings:

[0020] R¹=amino, acetyl as well as spacer/linker, or deletion

[0021] X01=A, D, E, G, deletion

[0022] X02=C, S, D, E, diaminobutyric acid (Dab), diaminopropionic acid (Dpr), K, ornithine (Orn),

[0023] X03=A, S, T

[0024] X04=E, F H, K, M, R, S, T, V, W, Y

[0025] X05=H

[0026] X06=G, H, K, L, M, N, Q, R

[0027] X07=D, G

[0028] X08=D, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0029] X09=K, L, R

[0030] X10=V

[0031] X12=C, S, D, E, diaminobutyric acid (Dab), diaminopropionic acid (Dpr), K, ornithine (Orn),

[0032] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, T, deletion

[0033] R²=—COOH, -amide, -GK, -GKK, -(βA)GK, -(βA)GKK, -(βA)(βA), -(βA)(βA)K as well as spacer/linker, or deletion.

[0034] The peptides according to the invention may be, in particular, in a linear as well as cyclic form, wherein the peptide ring closure is effected through disulfide bridging when two cysteines are present, or through amide cyclization which is optionally effected through side chains, through the C and N termini or through a combination of these two possibilities.

[0035] According to the invention, the following peptides are preferred:

[0036] R1-ACAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0037] R1-ECAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0038] R1-GCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0039] R1-CAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0040] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0041] X02=S

[0042] X03=S, T

[0043] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0044] X06=G, H K, M, N, Q, R

[0045] X07=D

[0046] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0047] X09=K, R

[0048] X12=S

[0049] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion

[0050] or

[0051] R1-DSAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0052] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0053] x01=A, E, G, deletion

[0054] X03=S, T

[0055] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0056] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0057] X07=D

[0058] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0059] X09=K, R

[0060] X12=S

[0061] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion

[0062] or

[0063] R1-DCSWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0064] R1-DCTWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0065] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0066] x01=A, E, G, deletion

[0067] X02=S

[0068] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0069] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0070] X07=D

[0071] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0072] X09=K, R

[0073] X12=S

[0074] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion,

[0075] or

[0076] R1-DCAEHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0077] R1-DCAFHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0078] R1-DCAHHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0079] R1-DCAKHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0080] R1-DCAMHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0081] R1-DCARHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0082] R1-DCASHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0083] R1-DCATHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0084] R1-DCAVHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0085] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0086] R1-DCAYHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0087] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0088] X01=A, E, G, deletion

[0089] X02=S

[0090] X03=S, T

[0091] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0092] X07=D

[0093] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0094] X09=K, R

[0095] X12=S

[0096] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion,

[0097] or

[0098] R1-DCAWHDGKLVWCT-R2

[0099] R1-DCAWHEGKLVWCT-R2

[0100] R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCT-R2

[0101] R1-DCAWHHGKLVWCT-R2

[0102] R1-DCAWHKGKLVWCT-R2

[0103] R1-DCAWHMGKLVWCT-R2

[0104] R1-DCAWHNGKLVWCT-R2

[0105] R1-DCAWHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0106] R1-DCAWHRGKLVWCT-R2

[0107] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0108] x01=A, E, G, deletion

[0109] X02=S

[0110] X03=S,T

[0111] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0112] X07=D

[0113] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0114] X09=K, R

[0115] X12=S

[0116] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion,

[0117] or

[0118] R1-DCAWHLDKLVWCT-R2

[0119] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0120] x01=A, E, G, deletion

[0121] X02=S

[0122] X03=S, T

[0123] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0124] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0125] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0126] X09=K, R

[0127] X12=S

[0128] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion

[0129] or

[0130] R1-DCAWHLGDLVWCT-R2

[0131] R1-DCAWHLGHLVWCT-R2

[0132] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0133] R1-DCAWHLGMLVWCT-R2

[0134] R1-DCAWHLGNLVWCT-R2

[0135] R1-DCAWHLGQLVWCT-R2

[0136] R1-DCAWHLGRLVWCT-R2

[0137] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0138] X01=A, E, G, deletion

[0139] X02=S

[0140] X03=S, T

[0141] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0142] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0143] X07=D

[0144] X09=K, R

[0145] X12=S

[0146] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion,

[0147] or

[0148] R1-DCAWHLGKKVWCT-R2

[0149] R1-DCAWHLGKRVWCT-R2

[0150] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0151] x01=A, E, G, deletion

[0152] X02=S

[0153] X03=S, T

[0154] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0155] X06=G,H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0156] X07=D

[0157] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0158] X12=S

[0159] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion,

[0160] or

[0161] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWST-R2

[0162] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0163] x01=A, E, G, deletion

[0164] X02=S

[0165] X03=S, T

[0166] X04=E,F H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0167] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0168] X07=D

[0169] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0170] X09=K, R

[0171] X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion

[0172] or

[0173] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCD-R2

[0174] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCE-R2

[0175] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCK-R2

[0176] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCQ-R2

[0177] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCR-R2

[0178] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCS-R2

[0179] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWC-R2

[0180] with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows:

[0181] X01=A, E, G, deletion

[0182] X02=S

[0183] X03=S, T

[0184] X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y

[0185] X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R

[0186] X07=D

[0187] X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R

[0188] X09=K, R

[0189] X12=S

[0190] wherein

[0191] R1=amino, acetyl as well as spacer/linker,

[0192] R2=—COOH, -amide, -GK, -GKK, -(βA)GK, -(βA)GKK, -(βA)(βA), -(βA)(βA)K as well as spacer/linker, the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are optionally used for a ring closure through disulfide bridging, or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X02 in combination with D or E for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains;

[0193] or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by D or E for X02 in combination with Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains;

[0194] or, when R2=COOH, the position X02 is Dpr or Dab or K or Orn and its side chain forms a ring closure with the C-terminal amino acid through amide cyclization;

[0195] or, when R1=NH2, the position X12 is E or D and its side chain forms a ring closure with the N-terminal amino acid through amide cyclization;

[0196] or, when R1=NH2 and R2=COOH, the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids of the peptide are used for ring closure through amide formation;

[0197] and any lysines which are not used for ring closure may be derivatized by spacers/linkers.

[0198] Further, according to the invention, peptides are preferred which have the following peptide sequences and which may be linear or optionally cyclized through the N and C termini of the peptide through amide formation:

[0199] R1-CAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0200] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWC-R2

[0201] R1-CAWHLGKLVWC-R2

[0202] R1-DCSWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0203] R1-DCAWHHGKLVWCT-R2

[0204] R1-DCAWHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0205] R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCT-R2

[0206] R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCT-R2

[0207] R1-DCAWHGGHLVWCT-R2

[0208] R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCE-R2

[0209] wherein R1=amino, acetyl

[0210] R2=—COOH, -amide, -GK, -GKK, -(βA)GK, -(βA)GKK, -(βA)(βA), -(βA)(βA)K,

[0211] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0212] R1-DCAWHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0213] R1-DCAYHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0214] R1-DCSWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0215] R1-DCAYHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0216] R1-DCSWHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0217] R1-DCSYHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0218] R1-DCSYHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0219] R1-CAWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0220] R1-CAWHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0221] R1-CAYHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0222] R1-CSWHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0223] R1-CAYHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0224] R1-CSWHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0225] R1-CSYHLGKLVWCT-R2

[0226] R1-CSYHQGKLVWCT-R2

[0227] R1-DCAWHLGKLVWC—R2

[0228] R1-DCAWHQGKLVWC—R2

[0229] R1-DCAYHLGKLVWC—R2

[0230] R1-DCSWHLGKLVWC—R2

[0231] R1-DCAYHQGKLVWC—R2

[0232] R1-DCSWHQGKLVWC—R2

[0233] R1-DCSYHLGKLVWC—R2

[0234] R1-DCSYHQGKLVWC—R2

[0235] R1-CAWHLGKLVWC—R2

[0236] R1-CAWHQGKLVWC—R2

[0237] R1-CAYHLGKLVWC—R2

[0238] R1-CSWHLGKLVWC—R2

[0239] R1-CAYHQGKLVWC—R2

[0240] R1-CSWHQGKLVWC—R2

[0241] R1-CSYHLGKLVWC—R2

[0242] R1-CSYHQGKLVWC—R2

[0243] wherein

[0244] R1=acetyl-

[0245] R2=—COOH, -amide,

[0246] the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are optionally used for ring closure through disulfide formation;

[0247] or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X02 in combination with D or E for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains;

[0248] or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by D or E for X02 in combination with Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains.

[0249] The mentioned peptides according to the invention bind immunoglobulins or antigen-immunoglobulin complexes in biological fluids.

[0250] Also claimed according to the invention are solid phases for affinity chromatography or solid-phase extraction consisting of organic, inorganic, synthetic polymers or of mixed polymers, preferably cross-linked agarose, cellulose, silica gel, polyamide and polyvinyl alcohols, which are optionally chemically activated, with peptides according to the invention immobilized on the surface of the solid phase.

[0251] In the solid phases according to the invention, the peptides are bound to the solid support phase preferably covalently or by adsorption. In another preferred embodiment of the solid phases according to the invention, the peptides are distanced from the support surface by linkers/spacers.

[0252] For coupling the peptides according to the invention to solid phases, they are preferably provided with a linker/spacer. Preferably, the linker/spacer is selected from the group consisting of:

[0253] Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their derivatives, oligoalkoxy derivatives and their oligomers, α-aminocarboxylic acids and their homo- and heterooligomers, α,ω-aminocarboxylic acids and their branched homo- and heterooligomers, other amino acids and their linear and branched homo- and heterooligomers, amino-oligoalkoxy-alkylamines and their linear and branched homo- and heterooligomers, maleinimidocarboxylic acid and its derivatives, oligomers of alkylamines, 4-alkylphenyl derivatives, 4-oligoalkoxyphenyl and 4-oligoalkoxyphenoxy derivatives, oligoalkylmercaptophenyl and 4oligoalkylmercaptophenoxy derivatives, 4-oligoalkylaminophenyl and 4-oligoalkylaminophenoxy derivatives, (oligoalkylbenzyl)phenyl and 4-(oligoalkylbenzyl)phenoxy derivatives, and 4-(oligoalkoxybenzyl)phenyl and 4-(oligoalkoxybenzyl)phenoxy derivatives, trityl derivatives, benzyloxyaryl and benzyl-oxyalkyl derivatives, xanthen-3-yloxyalkyl derivatives, ω-(4-alkylphenyl) and ψ(4-alkylphenoxy)alkanoic acid derivatives, oligoalkylphenoxyalkyl and oligoalkoxyphenoxyalkyl derivatives, carbamate derivatives, amines, trialkylsilyl and dialkylalkoxysilyl derivatives, alkyl and aryl derivatives, thiols and their derivatives, thioethers and their derivatives, thiocarboxylic acids and their derivatives, thiolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, sulfonic acids and their derivatives as well as combinations of the mentioned linkers or spacers.

[0254] The invention relates to a method for the adsorption of immunoglobulins to a solid phase, wherein the peptides according to the invention are bound to a solid phase usual in affinity chromatography or to mobile solid phases, and the immunoglobulin-containing samples to be adsorbed are contacted, in particular, with the solid phases according to the invention.

[0255] Preferably, a method for the adsorption of immunoglobulins is performed on a solid phase, wherein the peptides according to the invention are bound to a solid phase usual in affinity chromatography or to mobile solid phases, and the immunoglobulin-containing samples to be adsorbed are anticoagulant-treated human blood plasma or human whole blood and are contacted with the solid phases according to the invention.

[0256] The method according to the invention is suitable, in particular, for the adsorption of immunoglobulins from immunoglobulin-containing samples which contain auto-antibodies related to autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid diseases, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and other auto-antibody-mediated diseases.

[0257] The method according to the invention is advantageously performed with a device according to the invention for removing immunoglobulins from immunoglobulin-containing samples on solid phases, wherein the device contains a solid phase according to the invention, and means for the entry of immunoglobulin-containing samples are provided.

[0258] The invention also relates to the use of the peptides according to the invention, the solid phases according to the invention and the devices according to the invention for removing immunoglobulins from immunoglobulin-containing samples.

[0259] The invention is further illustrated by means of the following Examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Peptide Immobilization on Cellulose Matrix and Test for Immunoglobulin Binding 1. Synthesis of 13-mer Peptide Variants on a Support

[0260] Peptides consisting of 13 amino acids were synthesized by solid phase synthesis (Houghten, 1985) on a cellulose matrix with (βA)(βA) as a spacer group.

[0261] Starting from R1-X01-X02-X03-X04-X05-X06-X07-X08-X09-X10-X11-  - D - C - A - W - H - L - G - E - L - V - W - X12-X13-R2 C - T -

[0262] R1=amino

[0263] R2=(βA)(βA), where βA=β-alanine,

[0264] peptide variants immobilized on solid phases were synthesized as described in Table 1.

2. Testing of the 13-mer Peptide Variants for Immunoglobulin Binding

[0265] The immobilized peptides were tested for their immunoglobulin binding capability by incubation with human IgG-Fc in a buffered solution and by incubation with human plasma.

[0266] Thus, the peptide variants immobilized on solid phases were washed with T-TBS buffer (136 mM NaCl, 1.6 mM KCl, 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) and subsequently treated with blocking buffers (5% (w/v) saccharose, 4% (w/v) bovine serum albumin in T-TBS). Incubation of the immobilized peptides with IgG-Fc (1 μg/ml) in blocking buffer and human serum (diluted 1:10,000 in blocking buffer) was effected for 3 h at room temperature. For checking the specificity of the binding, buffered serum albumin solution (blocking buffer) without addition was included as a control. Thereafter, the peptide variants immobilized on the solid phases were washed three more times with T-TBS buffer.

[0267] After incubation with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG antibody (1.2 μg/ml) in blocking buffer, detection of the immunoglobulin binding was effected by means of NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium chloride)/BCIP (5-bromo-4chloro-3-indolyl phosphate toluidine salt) as a substrate (200 μl of parent solution (18.75 mg/ml NBT and 9.4 mg/ml BCIP in 67% (v/v) DMSO) in 10 ml developing buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl₂, pH 9.5)).

[0268] The results of the tests for immunoglobulin binding are represented in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 2 Peptides Immobilized on Agarose Beads with Glu (E) as Compared to Lys (K) in Peptide Position X08 (See Above) and Test of Immunoglobulin Binding from Human Plasma 1. Immobilization

[0269] For immobilization to a solid phase, the peptides were dissolved in coupling buffer (30% (v/v) acetonitrile, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.1 M NaHCO₃, pH 8.3) to a concentration of 1 mg/ml and mixed with washed and CNBr-preactivated sepharose 4B at a volume ratio of 10:1. After completion of the coupling reaction, the peptide. matrices were washed with coupling buffer, and the excess CNBr groups were inactivated by incubation of the matrix in Tris buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, pH 8.0).

[0270] The peptide loadings of the matrices were determined by photometry (A_(280nm)) by establishing the difference between the peptide mass employed before coupling and the non-immobilized peptide mass after coupling.

[0271] The results of the peptide loadings are represented in Table 2.

[0272] Immobilized peptides: A linear peptides A1 acetyl-D-S-A-W-H-L-G-E-L-V-W-C-T-((βA)(βA)K) B peptides cyclized through disulfide bridging B1

B2

B3

C peptides cyclized through side-chain amide bonding C1

C2

2. Immunoglobulin Binding from Human Plasma

[0273] The peptide matrices were tested by means of affinity chromatography for their binding capacity and binding specificity for immunoglobulins with human plasma as a sample. Thus, 6 volume fractions of human plasma as the sample was passed through 1 column volume fraction of peptide matrix at a linear flow rate of 80 cm/h.

[0274] Prior to sample application, the affinity-chromatographic column was equilibrated with PBS, pH 7.2. After sample application, the column was washed with PBS, pH 7.2, until the adsorption baseline was reached, followed by eluting the bound protein with 30 mM Na citrate buffer, pH 2.8.

[0275] The determination of the concentration of the eluted protein was effected by photometric measurement of the adsorption at 280 nm. The immunoglobulin concentration was calculated therefrom with ε_(280 nm)=1.35 cm²/mg for IgG.

[0276] The results of the capacity determinations are represented in Table 2.

[0277] The specificity of the immunoglobulin-peptide bonding was determined by means of SDS-PAGE. It was compared with the specificity for immunoglobulin of protein A and anti-IgG antibodies.

[0278] Thus, the eluates of the respective affinity chromatography run (as described above) were processed for SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

[0279] The results of the specificity testing are represented in FIG. 1.

EXAMPLE 3 Glu (E) as Compared to Lys (K) in Peptide Position X08 (See Above): Peptide Immobilization on Agarose Beads and Test of Immunoglobulin Binding from Human Plasma before and after Thermal Treatment 1. Immobilization

[0280] For immobilization to a solid phase, the peptides were dissolved in coupling buffer (30% (v/v) acetonitrile, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.1 M NaHCO₃, pH 8.3) to a concentration of 1 mg/ml and mixed with washed and CNBr-preactivated sepharose 4B at a volume ratio of 10:1. After completion of the coupling reaction, the peptide matrices were washed with coupling buffer, and the excess CNBr groups were inactivated by incubation of the matrix in Tris buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, pH 8.0).

[0281] The peptide loadings of the matrices were determined by photometry (A_(280nm)) by establishing the difference between the peptide mass employed before coupling and the non-immobilized peptide mass after coupling.

Immobilized Peptides

[0282] All the mentioned peptides are cyclized through disulfide bridging.

[0283] Immobilization through the amino terminus.

[0284] Immobilization through the ε-amino group of lysine (K)

[0285] Immobilization through the ε-amino group of lysine (K)

2. Immunoglobulin Binding from Human Plasma before and after Autoclavation of the Peptide Matrices

[0286] Before and after autoclavation at 121° C. for 20 min, the peptide matrices were tested by means of affinity chromatography for their binding capacity and binding specificity for immunoglobulins with human plasma as a sample. Thus, 6 volume fractions of human plasma as the sample was passed through 1 column volume fraction of peptide matrix at a linear flow rate of 80 cm/h.

[0287] Prior to sample application, the affinity-chromatographic column was equilibrated with PBS, pH 7.2. After sample application, the column was washed with PBS, pH 7.2, until the adsorption baseline was reached, followed by eluting the bound protein with 30 mM Na citrate buffer, pH 2.8.

[0288] The determination of the concentration of the eluted protein was effected by photometric measurement of the adsorption at 280 nm. The immunoglobulin concentration was calculated therefrom with ε_(280nm)=1.35 cm²/mg for IgG.

[0289] The results of the capacity determinations are represented in Table 3.

[0290] The specificity of the immunoglobulin-peptide bonding was determined by means of SDS-PAGE before and after autoclavation.

[0291] Thus, the eluates of the respective affinity chromatography run (as described above) were processed for SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

[0292] The results of the specificity testing are represented in FIG. 2. TABLE 1 Testing of 248 peptide variants (13-mers) for immunoglobulin binding A C D E F G H I K L M N P Q R S T V W Y (A) Result for incubation with serum albumin: 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (B) Result for incubation with human plasma: 01 + 0 + + 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 + + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 0 0 + + + + + + 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 + + 0 + + + + 0 + + 0 0 0 0 0 07 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 0 0 + + 0 0 + 0 + 0 + + 0 + + 0 0 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 12 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 + + 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 + + + + 0 0 0 (C) Result for incubation with human IgG-Fc: 01 + 0 + + 0 + + 0 + + + + + + + + 0 0 0 0 02 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 + 0 + + 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 + + 0 + + + + + + 0 + + + + + + + 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 + 0 + + 0 + + 0 + + + + 0 + + + + 0 0 0 07 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 + 0 + + 0 0 + 0 + 0 + + 0 + + + 0 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + + 0 + + + 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 12 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 + 0 + + 0 0 + 0 + 0 + + 0 + + + + 0 0 0

[0293] TABLE 2 Binding capacity of the peptide matrices for immunoglobulins Peptide matrix Loading Volume capacity Rel. capacity A1 8.8 4.70 0.53 B1 8.2 1.18 0.14 B2 8.5 5.87 0.69 B3 7.7 10.7 1.40 C1 8.0 1.74 0.22 C2 8.8 1.50 0.17

[0294]

[0295] The SDS-PAGE sample preparation was effected under reducing conditions. TABLE 3 Binding capacity of the peptide matrices for immunoglobulins before and after autoclavation Relative residual Rel. capacity Rel. capacity capacity, Peptide before after based on matrix autoclavation [%] autoclavation [%] MF147 MF0147 5.11 100 0.72 14 100% MF0146 3.48 100 1.88 54 386% MF0143 2.85 100 1.85 65 464%

[0296]

[0297] The SDS-PAGE sample preparation was effected under reducing conditions.

References

[0298] Davies D R, Metzger H. Structural basis of antibody function. Annu Rev Immunol 1983;1:87-117

[0299] Alt F W, Blackwell T K, Yancopoulos G D Development of the primary antibody repertoire. Science Nov. 20, 1987;238(4830):1079-87

[0300] McKenzie S E, Schreiber A D. Biological advances and clinical applications of Fc receptors for IgG. Curr Opin Hematol January 1994;1(1):45-52

[0301] Makiya R, Stigbrand T., Placental alkaline phosphatase as the placental IgG receptor. Clin Chem December 1992;38(12):2543-5

[0302] Sarfati M, Fournier S, Wu C Y, Delespesse G., Expression, regulation and function of human Fc epsilon RII (CD23) antigen. Immunol Res. 1992;11(3-4):260-72

[0303] Capron M, Truong M J, Aldebert D, Gruart V, Suemura M, Delespesse G, Tourvieille B, Capron A., Eosinophil IgE receptor and CD23 Immunol Res. 1992;11(3-4):252-9

[0304] Shen L, Receptors for IgA on phagocytic cells Immunol Res. 1992;11(3-4):273-82. Review.

[0305] Sandor M, Ibraghimov A, Rosenberg M G, Teeraratkul P, Lynch R G, Expression of IgA and IgM Fc receptors on murine T lymphocytes. Immunol Res. 1992;11(3-4):169-80.

[0306] Miletic V D, Frank M M, Complement-immunoglobulin interactions. Curr Opin Immunol. February 1995;7(1):41-7

[0307] Stahl S, Nygren P A, Sjolander A, Uhlen M, Engineered bacterial receptors in immunology. Curr Opin Immunol. April1993;5 (2):272-7

[0308] Belak M, Borberg H, Jimenez C, Oette K, Technical and clinical experience with protein A immunoadsorption columns. Transfus Sci December1994;15(4):419-22

[0309] Samuelsson G, Immunoadsorption using the Excorim treatment system. Transfus Sci March1998;19 Suppl:3-4

[0310] Felson D T, LaValley M P, Baldassare A R, Block J A, Caldwell J R, Cannon G W, Deal C, Evans S, Fleischmann R, Gendreau R M, Harris E R, Matteson E L, Roth S H, Schumacher H R, Weisman M H, Furst D E, The Prosorba column for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum October 1999;42(10):2153-9

[0311] Koll RA, Ig-Therasorb immunoadsorption for selective removal of human immunoglobulins in diseases associated with pathogenic antibodies of all classes and IgG subclasses, immune complexes, and fragments of immunoglobulins. Ther Apher May 1998;2(2):147-52

[0312] Knobl P, Derfler K, Extracorporeal immunoadsorption for the treatment of haemophilic patients with inhibitors to factor VIII or IX. Vox Sang 1999;77 Suppl 1:57-64

[0313] Jimenez C, Rosenow F, Grieb P, Haupt W F, Borberg H, Adsorption therapy with tryptophan-conjugated polyvinyl alcohol gels in 10 patients with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome. Transfus Sci January 1993;14(1):9-11

[0314] Fadul J E, Danielson B G, Wikstrom B, Reduction of plasma fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations by immunoadsorption therapy with tryptophan and phenylalanine adsorbents. Artif Organs September 1996;20(9) :986-90

[0315] Takamori M, Ide Y, Specific removal of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in patients with myasthenia gravis. Transfus Sci September 1996;17(3):4⁴5-53

[0316] Fassina G, Verdoliva A, Odierna M R, Ruvo M, Cassini G, Protein A mimetic peptide ligand for affinity purification of antibodies. J Mol Recognit September-December 1996;9(5-6):564-9

[0317] Fassina G, Verdoliva A, Palombo G, Ruvo M, Cassani G, Immunoglobulin specificity of TG19318: a novel synthetic ligand for antibody affinity purification. J Mol Recognit 1998 Winter;11(1-6):128-33

[0318] DeLano W L, Ultsch M H, de Vos A M, Wells J A, Convergent solutions to binding at a protein-protein interface. Science Feb. 18, 2000;287(5456):1279-83

[0319] Krook M, Mosbach K, Ramstrom O, Novel peptides binding to the Fc-portion of immunoglobulins obtained from a combinatorial phage display peptide library. J Immunol Methods Dec. 1, 1998;221(1-2):151-7

[0320] Houghten R A, General method for the rapid solid-phase synthesis of large numbers of peptides: specificity of antigen-antibody interaction at the level of individual amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA August 1985;82(15):5131-5.

1 88 1 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 1 Ala Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 2 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 2 Glu Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 3 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 3 Gly Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 4 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 4 Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 5 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 5 Asp Ser Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 6 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 6 Asp Cys Ser Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 7 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 7 Asp Cys Thr Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 8 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 8 Asp Cys Ala Glu His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 9 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 9 Asp Cys Ala Phe His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 10 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 10 Asp Cys Ala His His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 11 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 11 Asp Cys Ala Lys His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 12 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 12 Asp Cys Ala Met His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 13 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 13 Asp Cys Ala Arg His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 14 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 14 Asp Cys Ala Ser His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 15 Asp Cys Ala Thr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 16 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 16 Asp Cys Ala Val His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 17 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 17 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 18 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 18 Asp Cys Ala Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 19 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 19 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Asp Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 20 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 20 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Glu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 21 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 21 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gly Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 22 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 22 Asp Cys Ala Trp His His Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 23 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 23 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Lys Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 24 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 24 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Met Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 25 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 25 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Asn Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 26 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 26 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 27 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 27 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Arg Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 28 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 28 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Asp Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 29 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 29 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Asp Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 30 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 30 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly His Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 31 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 31 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 32 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 32 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Met Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 33 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 33 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Asn Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 34 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 34 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Gln Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 35 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 35 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Arg Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 36 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 36 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Lys Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 37 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 37 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Arg Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 38 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 38 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Ser Thr 1 5 10 39 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 39 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Asp 1 5 10 40 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 40 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Glu 1 5 10 41 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 41 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Lys 1 5 10 42 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 42 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Gln 1 5 10 43 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 43 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Arg 1 5 10 44 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 44 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Ser 1 5 10 45 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 45 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 46 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 46 Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 47 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 47 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 48 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 48 Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 49 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 49 Asp Cys Ser Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 50 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 50 Asp Cys Ala Trp His His Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 51 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 51 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 52 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 52 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gly Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 53 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 53 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gly Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 54 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 54 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gly Gly His Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 55 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 55 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gly Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Glu 1 5 10 56 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 56 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 57 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 57 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 58 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 58 Asp Cys Ala Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 59 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 59 Asp Cys Ser Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 60 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 60 Asp Cys Ala Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 61 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 61 Asp Cys Ser Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 62 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 62 Asp Cys Ser Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 63 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 63 Asp Cys Ser Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 64 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 64 Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 65 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 65 Cys Ala Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 66 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 66 Cys Ala Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 67 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 67 Cys Ser Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 68 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 68 Cys Ala Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 69 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 69 Cys Ser Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 70 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 70 Cys Ser Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 71 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 71 Cys Ser Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 72 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 72 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 73 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 73 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 74 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 74 Asp Cys Ala Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 75 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 75 Asp Cys Ser Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 76 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 76 Asp Cys Ala Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 77 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 77 Asp Cys Ser Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 78 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 78 Asp Cys Ser Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 79 12 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 79 Asp Cys Ser Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 80 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 80 Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 81 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 81 Cys Ala Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 82 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 82 Cys Ala Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 83 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 83 Cys Ser Trp His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 84 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 84 Cys Ala Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 85 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 85 Cys Ser Trp His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 86 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 86 Cys Ser Tyr His Leu Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 87 11 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 87 Cys Ser Tyr His Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Trp Cys 1 5 10 88 13 PRT Artificial sequence Description of the artificial sequence synthetic peptide having affinity for immunoglobulins 88 Asp Cys Ala Trp His Leu Gly Glu Leu Val Trp Cys Thr 1 5 10 

1. Peptides having the following amino acid sequence: R¹—X01-X02-X03-X04-X05-X06-X07-X08-X09-X10-X11-X12-X13-R², wherein R¹, R² as well as X01 to X013 have the following meanings: R¹=amino, acetyl as well as spacer/linker, or deletion X01=A, D, E, G, deletion X02=C, S, D, E, diaminobutyric acid (Dab), diaminopropionic acid (Dpr), K, ornithine (Orn), X03=A, S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, W, Y X05=H X06=E, G, H, K, L, M, N,Q R X07=D, G X08=D, H, K, M, N,Q R X09=K, L, R X10=V X11=w X12=C, S, D, E, diaminobutyric acid (Dab), diaminopropionic acid (Dpr), K, ornithine (Orn), X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, T, deletion R²=—COOH, -amide, -GK, -GKK, -(βA)GK, -(βA)GKK, -(βA)(βA), -(βA)(βA)K as well as spacer/linker, or deletion.
 2. The peptide according to claim 1 in a linear as well as cyclic form, wherein the peptide ring closure is effected through disulfide bridging when two cysteines are present, or through amide cyclization, which is optionally effected through side chains, through the C and N termini or through a combination of these two possibilities.
 3. The peptides according to claim 1 and/or 2, characterized by being: a) the following peptide sequences: R1-ACAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-ECAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-GCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X02=S X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion or R1-DSAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion or R1-DCSWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCTWHLGKLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S X13 =D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion, or R1-DCAEHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAFHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAHHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAKHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAMHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCARHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCASHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCATHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAVHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAYHLGKLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S, T X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion, or R1-DCAWHDGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHEGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHHGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHKGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHMGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHNGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHRGKLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion, or R1-DCAWHLDKLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S,T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion or R1-DCAWHLGDLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGHLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGMLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGNLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGQLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGRLVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X09=K, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion, or R1-DCAWHLGKKVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKRVWCT-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X12=S X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion, or R1-DCAWHLGKLVWST-R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X13=D, E, K, Q, R, S, deletion or R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCD-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCE-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCK-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCQ-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCR-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCS-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWC—R2 with a maximum of four simultaneous amino acid exchanges in the peptide positions as follows: X01=A, E, G, deletion X02=S X03=S, T X04=E, F, H, K, M, R, S, T, V, Y X06=G, H, K, M, N, Q, R X07=D X08=D, H, M, N, Q, R X09=K, R X12=S wherein R1=amino, acetyl as well as spacer/linker, R2=—COOH, -amide, -GK, -GKK, -(βA)GK, -(βA)GKK, -(βA)(βA), -(βA)(βA)K as well as spacer/linker, the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are optionally used for a ring closure through disulfide bridging, or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X02 in combination with D or E for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains; or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by D or E for X02 in combination with Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains; or, when R2=COOH, the position X02 is Dpr or Dab or K or Orn and its side chain forms a ring closure with the C-terminal amino acid through amide cyclization; or, when R1=NH2, the position X12 is E or D and its side chain forms a ring closure with the N-terminal amino acid through amide cyclization; or, when R1=NH2 and R2=COOH, the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids of the peptide are used for ring closure through amide formation; and any lysines which are not used for ring closure may be derivatized by spacers/linkers.
 4. The linear as well as cyclic peptides according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by being the following peptide sequences: R1-CAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-CAWHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCSWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHHGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHGGHLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHGGKLVWCE-R2 wherein R1=amino, acetyl R2=—COOH, -amide, -GK, -GKK, -(βA)GK, -(βA)GKK, -(βA)(13A), -(βA)(βA)K, R1-DCAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAYHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCSWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAYHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCSWHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCSYHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCSYHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CAWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CAWHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CAYHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CSWHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CAYHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CSWHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CSYHLGKLVWCT-R2 R1-CSYHQGKLVWCT-R2 R1-DCAWHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCAWHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCAYHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCSWHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCAYHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCSWHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCSYHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-DCSYHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-CAWHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-CAWHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-CAYHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-CSWHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-CAYHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-CSWHQGKLVWC—R2 R1-CSYHLGKLVWC—R2 R1-CSYHQGKLVWC—R2 wherein R1=acetyl-R2 R1=—COOH, -amide, the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are optionally used for ring closure through disulfide bridging; or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X02 in combination with D or E for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains; or the cysteines in positions X02 and X12 are replaced by D-or E for X02 in combination with Dpr or Dab or K or Orn for X12 and employed for amide cyclization through the side chains.
 5. The peptides according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said peptides bind immunoglobulins or antigen-immunoglobulin complexes in biological fluids.
 6. The peptides according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said linker/spacer is selected from the group consisting of: carboxylic acids and their derivatives; hydroxycarboxylic acids and their derivatives; oligoalkoxy derivatives and their oligomers; α-aminocarboxylic acids and their homo- and heterooligomers; α,ω-aminocarboxylic acids and their branched homo- and heterooligomers; other amino acids and their linear and branched homo- and heterooligomers; amino-oligoalkoxy-alkylamines and their linear and branched homo- and heterooligomers; maleinimidocarboxylic acid and its derivatives; oligomers of alkylamines; 4-alkylphenyl derivatives; 4-oligoalkoxyphenyl and 4-oligoalkoxyphenoxy derivatives; oligoalkylmercaptophenyl and 4-oligoalkylmercaptophenoxy derivatives; 4-oligoalkylaminophenyl and 4-oligoalkylaminophenoxy derivatives; (oligoalkylbenzyl)phenyl and 4-(oligoalkylbenzyl)phenoxy derivatives; and 4-(oligoalkoxybenzyl)phenyl and 4-(oligoalkoxybenzyl)phenoxy derivatives; trityl derivatives; benzyloxyaryl and benzyloxyalkyl derivatives; xanthen-3-yloxyalkyl derivatives; ω-(4-alkylphenyl) and ω-(4-alkylphenoxy)alkanoic acid derivatives; oligoalkylphenoxyalkyl and oligoalkoxyphenoxyalkyl derivatives; carbamate derivatives; amines; trialkylsilyl and dialkylalkoxysilyl derivatives; alkyl and aryl derivatives; thiols and their derivatives; thioethers and their derivatives; thiocarboxylic acids and their derivatives; thiolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives; sulfonic acids and their derivatives; and combinations of the mentioned linkers or spacers.
 7. Solid phases for affinity chromatography or solid-phase extraction consisting of organic, inorganic, synthetic polymers or of mixed polymers, preferably cross-linked agarose, cellulose, silica gel, polyamide and polyvinyl alcohols, which are optionally chemically activated, with peptides according to at least one of claims 1 to 6 immobilized on the surface of the solid phase.
 8. The solid phases according to claim 7, wherein the peptides are bound to the solid support phase covalently or by adsorption.
 9. The solid phases according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the peptides are covalently bound to the solid phase through K(Lys) on position X08.
 10. The solid phases according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the peptides are distanced from the support surface by linkers/spacers.
 11. A method for the adsorption of immunoglobulins to a solid phase, wherein the peptides according to claims 1 to 3 are bound to a solid phase usual in affinity chromatography or to mobile solid phases, and the immunoglobulin-containing samples to be adsorbed are contacted with the solid phases according to claims 7 to
 10. 12. A method for the adsorption of immunoglobulins to a solid phase, wherein the peptides according to claims 1 to 6 are bound to a solid phase usual in affinity chromatography or to mobile solid phases, and the immunoglobulin-containing samples to be adsorbed are anticoagulant-treated human blood plasma or human whole blood and are contacted with the solid phases according to claims 7 to
 10. 13. The method according to claim 12 for the adsorption of immunoglobulins from immunoglobulin-containing samples which contain auto-antibodies related to autoimmune diseases, preferably rheumatoid diseases, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and other auto-antibody-mediated diseases.
 14. A device for removing immunoglobulins from immunoglobulin-containing samples on solid phases, wherein the device contains a solid phase according to any of claims 7 to 10, and means for the entry of immunoglobulin-containing samples are provided.
 15. Use of peptides according to any of claims 1 to 6, of solid phases according to any of claims 7 to 10 and of devices according to claim 14 for removing immunoglobulins from immunoglobulin-containing samples. 